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I agree i know nothing, but i dont see any reference to samurai patrolling the streets and roads during Edo period. Because the "town guard" was the Nihin, the ones patrolling and reporting.
The Yorkiki as you mention did not function like a modern day police, this without even knowing about japanese history, chances are that their society was similar to Roman, with the vigiles doing the police work and the urban cohorts handled the violent crimes.
And here it is a detailed explanation.
JAPAN ECHO - JAPANESE INDUSTRY MAKES A COMEBACK Vol. 31, No. 3 - Law Enforcement in the Edo Period
Only 25 yoriki and 120 doshin for a 1,000,0000 population that's 1 police officer per 6900 persons.
The article refers as how the majority of disputes were solved by local "neighborhood watches" and only the major crimes involved a police officer coming to oversee the whole process, but not as to provide the only muscle.
During the Tokugawa shogunate, samurai increasingly became courtiers, bureaucrats, and administrators rather than warriors. With no warfare since the early 17th century, samurai gradually lost their military function during the Tokugawa era (also called the Edo period).
By the end of the Tokugawa era, samurai were aristocratic bureaucrats for the daimyo, with their daisho, the paired long and short swords of the samurai (cf. katana and wakizashi) becoming more of a symbolic emblem of power rather than a weapon used in daily life.
Wikipedia.
There was no commoner army btw.
See link above.
Maybe it was a thing of the post-tokugawa era, but in the wording of the book it seemed it was quite common, ill try to find an online excerpt, maybe it was the translation.
Some of them would maybe. But they are criminals and were certainly looked down on by society. But the Masters of these arts did not send out their studenst to break the law to test out their ability's. Thats my entire point.That would have been stupid and wold have resulted in being arrested or killed. If I for example decided to rob somebody and throw them with kosoto Gari for example (just using this because its one of my favorites) and severely injure them, I would be breaking the law. Is Judo to blame for my actions? No ofcourse not. I am just one person who happens to train Judo and also be a criminal. You get where I'm going with this? But ofcourse the news and people would report that Martial Artist had committed the crime and that Judoka were thugs. Thats how people are.
Well they needed a way to test their skills and without Shiai or standarized competitions, oh well. I guess you are right on this one.
No, they practice ritualized sports, Mongolian warfare involved mainly cavalry and they practiced wrestling, their military training involved drilling complicated cavalry maneuvers and practicing archery (through hunting).
Mongolian wrestling has absolutely nothing to do with mongolian warfare.
No, the Japanese called it Sumo.
Again, there are degrees of sparring, Kano was thrown to the wolves day one.
Here is a very good excerpt and thread in Judo forum
100% agree, Jigoro Kano did not createt it but rather wanted to preserve as a means to enhance Kata training. For many Jujutsu schools, Kata was the only way to convey the spirit and movement of their techniques based on knowledge from mouth to mouth (=Kuden) and/or Densho (written documents). Most documents did not mention the details, and it was impossible to learn all the secrets behind the techniques only from the Densho.
Strict confidentiality was charateristic of most Jujutsu Ryuha which limited its expansion beyond a region (=Han), a village or even a family. Some stories of "special" techniques (=Hiden) were sometimes plain lies, used to deceive potential enemies.
Some Jujutsu schools had hundreds of Kata, others like Kito Ryu have only 21 (or several more). Students had to learn exactly as specified per grade. Takeshi Sakuraba in his book(1940) explains how Kata developed into Randori. In many Jujutsu schools, they found potential danger and deficiency in the Kata training due to lack of reality (not always but sometimes among mediocre practioners). New development was, just to use a case in Nage-no-Kata, something like this.
Uke strikes at Tori`s top of the head (=Noten), Tori quickly turns in for Seoi Nage. Timing is perfect, movement correct and looked real, 100 points at the Kata Competition. Now Uke strikes not straight down but sideways (contrary to the spek), Tori would fail and fall down. Next time, knowing that Uke does not conform to the Kata spek, Tori is ready for Uke`s attack (=striking), be it sideways, straight, uppercut or else, and counters effectively. This was called KATANOKORI or "whatever remains after Kata".
This method of practise solved one problem, as told by Jigoro Kano, of Tsuji Nage. In an effort to "test" the technique acquired, Jujutsu practioners went out to the street late at night and caught some passer-by to throw. Well, Jigoro Kano`s story is funny. A Jujutsu master was walking late at night in the street when a Tsuji Nage came and threw him on the ground, let`s say, by Seoi Nage. The master said o him "Young-man, look what you have on your back. " The young man found a piece of paper pasted on his left shoulder. "Young man, you need some more practice as I could have easily cut your throat instead of pasting it!"
This is what Randori was all about. One thing to remember, Judo was practised on the tatami, so was Jujutsu but not always. It would have been more dangerous and difficult to practice Randori on the ground. Practice on the tatami was one of the strong factors to make Randori as a training method more fashionable. If we are careful, we see a clear link between Kata and Randori. Randori is an expanded form of Kata. Seen in this context, we can easy understand why Jigoro Kano repeatedly complained about "deteriorating Randori". Randori is not for win or loss but testing the techniques so far acquired. This way Randori will enhance Kata training.
Sorry for a long input.
How could Kano claim Randori as a new concept? - JudoForum.com
Beating someone much weaker would simply destroy the point of going out in the first place. Practice may have seen thuggish but it was necesary.
