It was discussed but stamped out as heresy until after the reformation. NT references to "Israel" were interpreted by the Roman Catholic church as a metaphor for the Church, and they have an amillennialist eschatology.
Following the interpretation of the bible into common tongue and mass distribution, along with the reformation, there was a return to a more literal interpretation no longer constrained to Roman Catholic orthodoxy.
There was also a renewed interest in historical Israel and Judaism (the Roman Catholic church didn't exactly have the best relationship with Judaism).
Doctines of premillennialism, dispensationalism, dual covenant theology etc emerged and were popularised.
In terms of the Israel lobby, the way it relates is to the idea that Political Zionism spawned Christian Zionism, which essentially is the
reverse of what's happened.
Although of course Israel now continues to exploit that relationship through religious tourism, national religious broadcasting, politically etc. Despite the basic eschatalogcal differences.