Strikes in Qatar: How Israel is pulverizing prospects for Gaza negotiations
By targeting Hamas officials in a Doha building, 23 months after October 7, 2023, Benjamin Netanyahu signals that continuing the war remains Israel's only strategy.
Ongoing negotiations for a ceasefire in Gaza were shattered on
Tuesday, September 9, by an Israeli airstrike that hit a building in Doha, Qatar's capital, where leaders of the Palestinian group Hamas were meeting. Twenty-three months after October 7, 2023, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu reaffirmed that prolonging the war remains Israel's only line, one that now extends to targeting Hamas leaders in Doha after decimating the movement in Gaza and
killing its leader Ismail Haniyeh in Tehran in July 2024, as well as striking Beirut and Hezbollah, Damascus and the Syrian regime, Iran and the mullahs' regime, Sanaa and the Houthi rebels, while simultaneously escalating the air and ground battle for the total occupation of Gaza City inside the Palestinian enclave.
The immediate gains for Israel from this latest military escalation appeared limited. Six people were reportedly killed in the strike, including bodyguards and mid-level officials. The top leaders of the organization responsible for the October 7 attack, however, were believed to have survived. Khalil al-Hayya, in particular, one of the last senior leaders still alive, was apparently not killed: Neither Israel, nor Qatar, nor Hamas has announced his death. "We confirm the enemy's failure to assassinate our brothers in the negotiating delegation," a Hamas statement said, adding that "Targeting the negotiating delegation, as they discussed [US] President [Donald] Trump's proposal for a ceasefire in the Gaza Strip, confirms beyond doubt that Netanyahu and his government do not want to reach any agreement and are deliberately seeking to thwart all opportunities and thwart international efforts."
By striking on Qatari soil, Israel hit both the capital of a key mediator and the top negotiators of Hamas in one blow. One strike, two diplomatic shocks. With it, any prospect of a ceasefire has been pushed back, at least in the short term.
At the end of August, the Israeli army chief of the General Staff publicly threatened to eliminate the remaining Hamas leaders, saying, "Most of Hamas's leadership is abroad, and we will reach them as well," according to Lieutenant General Eyal Zamir. The Israeli army had just
eliminated the Houthi rebels' prime minister, Ahmed Al-Rahawi, in Sanaa on August 28 and Abu Obeida, a spokesperson for the group in Gaza, on August 30. These killings followed the
deaths of Hezbollah leader Hassan Nasrallah in September 2024 and
Iranian Chief of General Staff Mohammad Bagheri on June 13.
Despite the warning, Hamas negotiators met at their official headquarters in Doha, likely believing themselves to be protected under the Qatari umbrella – a key US ally in the region. They were set to review the latest ceasefire proposal, which was put forward by Washington a few days earlier in exchange for the immediate release of all hostages. "We are in very deep negotiation with Hamas," Trump said on September 5. A few weeks earlier, the remaining members of the Palestinian movement's political and military leadership had accepted another temporary truce proposal brokered by Qatar and Egypt. However, Netanyahu never responded to it nor officially submitted it to his government for review.
Negotiating on terms more favorable to Israel
The goal of total destruction of Hamas has been repeatedly emphasized by Israeli leaders. "There was a time when Jews could be murdered with impunity. But since the founding of the State of Israel, those days are over," said Netanyahu as he attended a ceremony at the United States embassy, just hours after overseeing the strike.
"It's a historic decision, which was taken by the Israeli government immediately after the 7th of October : The organization will no longer exist. Even if it will take 10 years, we will eliminate it. Even if we have to do it in places that in the past we didn't act, as in Doha. This organization will not exist. Not in Gaza, not in the West Bank, not in the Middle East. We will kill them all," Yaakov Amidror, former major general and head of the National Security Council and one of the former military officials Netanyahu listens to, told
Le Monde.
The Israeli prime minister argued that eliminating leaders was intended to push Hamas to negotiate on different, more favorable terms for Israel. "Don't be derailed by these killers. Stand up for your rights and for your future. Make peace with us. Accept President Trump's proposal," he said Tuesday night, addressing the residents of Gaza directly.
Some within the military establishment suggested that eliminating Hamas officials in Qatar might have shifted power to the remaining leaders in Gaza, who are subject to greater Israeli military pressure. "Based on our very long experience that we have, when you eliminate those leaders – even if you fail to eliminate – at first they announce they will do something terrible in retaliation. But, in fact, they become more flexible and more moderate," said Giora Eiland, a retired general and proponent of the Israeli strike in Doha. He has supported a hardline approach to Gaza since October 7. However, this position failed to convince the families of hostages, who are more anxious than ever about the fate of the approximately 20 Israelis abducted on October 7, 2023, who are presumed to still be alive.
Israel increasingly isolated
Such a strike would have significant diplomatic consequences for Israel, which has become increasingly isolated on the international stage. "There is no doubt that this offensive will affect relations between Israel and Qatar, both during and after the war, and regarding the emirate's role in Gaza. The same goes for relations with the Gulf States. And with Egypt. And with Jordan," said Michael Milshtein, director of the Forum for Palestinian Studies at the Moshe Dayan Center at Tel Aviv University.
As expected, Qatar condemned the violation of its sovereignty, criticized the military escalation, and denounced Israel's sabotage of negotiations. Nevertheless, Qatar announced that it would continue its mediation efforts. Most Arab states and Gulf countries strongly condemned the strike in Doha.
Meanwhile, Trump said he felt "very badly" in a message on his social network, Truth Social, adding that the strike "does not advance Israel or America's goals." The American president also wrote that he had not been warned of the operation – or at least not in time to prevent it or to alert Qatar beforehand. "Such a thing will not happen again on their soil," he wrote, addressing Mohammed bin Abdulrahman Al Thani, the prime minister of Qatar, which hosts one of the largest American military bases in the region.
Trump left the initiative to Israel
Could the unilateral attack in Doha influence Trump's stance on his ally, Israel, after a key partner, Qatar, was targeted? The attack signaled a new chapter in the turbulent relationship between Trump and Netanyahu. In January, the American president had secured a temporary ceasefire, leading to the release of 28 hostages. However, the Israeli prime minister broke the ceasefire unilaterally in March. In June, Netanyahu drew Trump into the war against Iran by ordering B-2 bombers to strike nuclear facilities. Trump then abruptly ordered the Israelis to call back the planes poised to bomb Tehran again, despite an ongoing ceasefire.
This
"12-day war" shattered the taboo of launching a large-scale offensive against Iran's mullah's regime, but its actual impact on the country's nuclear program is still being debated. Trump had repeatedly praised Netanyahu's wartime leadership. The American president then left the initiative to Israel, notably approving the government's plan, decided in early August, to occupy the entire Palestinian enclave, starting with Gaza City.
Since then, Israel has mobilized 60,000 reservists, laid siege to a city of one million, and launched airstrikes on its tallest buildings. Israel has also ordered the forced displacement of nearly one million residents. Every day has ended with dozens of Palestinian deaths caused by Israeli bombs and bullets or starvation resulting from the partial blockade of the enclave until late July. The death toll in Gaza has now exceeded 64,000 since Israel began retaliating.