The Irgun policy was based on what was then called
Revisionist Zionism founded by
Ze'ev Jabotinsky. According to
Howard Sachar, "The policy of the new organization was based squarely on Jabotinsky's teachings: every Jew had the right to enter Palestine; only active retaliation would deter the Arabs; only Jewish armed force would ensure the Jewish state".
[6]
Two of the operations for which the Irgun is best known are the
bombing of the King David Hotel in Jerusalem on 22 July 1946 and the
Deir Yassin massacre that killed at least 107 Palestinian Arab villagers, including women and children, carried out together with
Lehi on 9 April 1948.
The organization committed acts of terrorism against the British, whom it regarded as illegal occupiers, and against Arabs.
[7] In particular the Irgun was described as a terrorist organization by the
United Nations, British, and United States governments; in media such as
The New York Times newspaper;
[8][9] as well as by the
Anglo-American Committee of Inquiry,
[10][11] the 1946
Zionist Congress[12] and the
Jewish Agency.
[13] However, academics such as
Bruce Hoffman and Max Abrahms have written that the Irgun went to considerable lengths to avoid harming civilians, such as issuing pre-attack warnings; according to Hoffman, Irgun leadership urged "targeting the physical manifestations of British rule while avoiding the deliberate infliction of bloodshed."
[14] Albert Einstein, in a letter to
The New York Times in 1948, compared Irgun and its successor
Herut party to "Nazi and Fascist parties" and described it as a "terrorist, right wing, chauvinist organization".
[15] Irgun's tactics appealed to many Jews who believed that any action taken in the cause of the creation of a Jewish state was justified, including
terrorism.
[16]
Irgun members were absorbed into the
Israel Defense Forces at the start of the
1948 Arab–Israeli war. The Irgun was a political predecessor to Israel's
right-wing Herut (or "Freedom") party, which led to today's
Likud party.
[17] Likud has led or been part of most
Israeli governments since 1977.