I think 3-day splits generally kind of suck. Just hard to get enough volume in only 3 days, unless you're spending a ton of time in the gym - and in that case, the quality and intensity of the lifts would go down the later into the workout you get. 3-day TBW is definitely way better, because at least that way you are hitting multiple major muscle groups 2x per week, minimum.
5-day splits can be effective though. Great for people with the ability to go to the gym frequently but have limited time each day, because it can keep intensity, frequency, and volume high in only 5-6 hours/week. Great for people with limited to recovery due to sleep or food constraints - giving each major body part a full week to recover ensures it's good to go next week.
I also think the typical BB splits can be great for very unathletic beginners because the wide variety of movements done each day can help with coordination and establishing some sort of mind-muscle connection. I also think focusing on one major body part per day can be useful in establishing those connections. I think this style of working out is conducive to getting beginners used to training frequently, which is necessary at the later stages of strength development anyway. Lastly, I think it can be a good base for injury prevention in the future - more volume and more movement in particular benefits complex joints like the shoulders/upper back, which are very prone to injury.
Total body workouts five times a week are harder to manage and take a little bit more self awareness, so for an absolute uncoordinated beginner I don't think they're the best. Those workouts done 3 times a week are a bit better for beginners, but preferably if they have some level of coordination, athleticism, and muscle development already or are training frequently in another sport in addition. Otherwise, they'd be better off working out more frequently and doing it in a way that's idiot-proof (e.g. 5-day split).