India has a centralized government system to do this, whereas the US doesn’t.
If you’re wondering why the US doesn’t, it’s because the Right—the group that screams about voter ID—is not actually interested in providing IDs to everyone, and they aren’t really pursuing this because they think there’s election fraud. They want to use biased voter ID laws to make it harder for their opposition to vote, simple as that.
Over on the Left, we aren’t particularly concerned with mandatory voter ID because there’s no data indicating there’s any sort of significant election fraud in this country. If that data existed, it would be a different story.
It’s not 1 USD here to replace a license, in my state it’s about $30 and requires various documents. And that can get really dumb—for example, my gf had trouble getting a passport awhile back because for whatever reason, her birth certificate lists her parents’ first name, middle initial, and last name, rather than listing their full names out, and that wasn’t acceptable. She had to get the birth certificate updated in order to get the passport.