Impact of minimum wages on poverty
The link between poverty and low wages is weak for a variety of reasons. Many poor families have no employed workers in the household or they work only a few hours, and many others work at wages above the minimum wage. Many minimum wage workers are youth who live in non-poor families, or are persons in multiple earner families where the combined earnings takes them out of poverty. Moreover, minimum wage jobs are often taken as temporary stepping-stones to higher paying jobs.
Empirical findings provide support for these arguments for both the US (Burkhauser and Finnegan, 1989; Card & Kruger, 1995; Burhauser, Couch & Glenn, 1996; Burkhauser, Couch & Wittenberg, 2000; Vedder and Gallaway, 2001, 2002; Neumark and Wascher, 2002; Neumark Schweitzer and Wascher, 2005; Burkhauser and Sabia, 2007; although not in Mincy, 1990 or Addison and Blackburn, 1999
and Canada (Shannon & Beach, 1995; Goldberg & Green, 1999; Benjamin, 2001; Campolieti, Gunderson and Lee, 2012). Surprisingly, some studies even find that a higher minimum wage leads to an increase in poverty. Sen, Rybczynski and Van De Wall (2011) found a small but statistically significant increase in poverty due to higher minimum wages: a 10% minimum wage increase was found to be significantly associated with a 4%-6% increase in the percentage of families living under Low Income Cut Offs (LICO) in Canada between 1981 and 2004. The higher minimum wages trigger higher unemployment, which results in more poverty as household incomes drop among low-income families.
Given what we know about the demographic profile of people working at minimum wages, it is not surprising that the overlap between working at the minimum wage and being under the poverty line is small.
Only about 12.5% of minimum wage workers lived in poor households in 2011 according to Statistics Canada's Low Income Measure (LIM). The vast majority (i.e., 87.5%) lived in households with incomes above the LIM. (Estimates provided by the Ontario Ministry of Finance based on the Labour Force Survey).
Thus, although raising the minimum wage would reduce poverty for some, its overall impact on poverty as a whole would be limited.