Triple parentheses or
triple brackets, also known as an
echo, are an
antisemitic symbol that has been used to highlight the names of individuals of a
Jewish background, or organizations who are thought to be owned by Jewish people. The practice originated from the
alt-right blog
The Right Stuff; the blog's editors have explained that the symbol is meant to symbolize that the historic actions of Jews caused their
surnames to "echo throughout history".
[1] The triple parentheses have been adopted as an online
stigma by antisemites,
neo-Nazis, and
white nationalists to identify individuals of Jewish background as targets for
online harassment, such as Jewish political journalists critical of
Donald Trump during his
2016 election campaign.
[2][3]
Use of the notation was brought to mainstream attention by an article posted by
Mic in June 2016.
[4][5] The reports also led
Google to remove a
browser extension meant to automatically place the "echo" notation around Jewish names on web pages,
[5]and the notation being classified as a form of
hate speech by the
Anti-Defamation League.
[4] In the wake of these actions, some users, both Jews and non-Jews, have intentionally placed their own names within triple parentheses as a sign of solidarity.
[6]
