Tariffs are a regressive tax ,and income taxes are (in theory, but with loopholes maybe not) a progressive tax. Swapping a progressive for a regressive tax is widely considered unfair. Tariffs also reward inefficiency and so reduce a countries overall wealth: businesses and markets that couldn't otherwise survive on their own will survive with tariffs, which is paid for by the tariffs.
This is a much more interesting idea and out of my payscale. A 10% tariff is not too dissimilar to a federal sales tax. If they eliminated or reduced income tax below a fixed amount it would look much like a progressive system. There'd be a few things required for it to work:
- The in/out needs to add up (obviously)
- The tariffs would need to be predictable on a long term basis
10% tariffs aren't going to sink anyone's economy, especially not the US. Wildly gyrating tariffs from 0% to 170% to 50% to whatever-is-announced-on-social-media-the-next-day will. People can't trust, and can't transact, under those circumstances. They can if the figure is stable.
With all of that said, a 10% tariff isn't doing sweet fuck all for manufacturing in the US. I don't think it's terribly plausible; that kind of
massive change is monumental in scope and not the kind of thing that will work if gestated in an afternoon nap. It's a big, big change that'd need a lot of input by experts, and I'm afraid the current administration doesn't appear terribly interested in experts.