I did not say he was an abolitionist, merely anti-slavery. As I pointed out above, he could never be a true abolitionist because he put preservation of the Union first before the eradication of slavery.
Also:
To apply 20th century beliefs and standards to an America of 1858 and declare Abraham Lincoln a "racist" is a faulty formula that unfairly distorts Lincoln's true role in advancing civil and human rights. By the standards of his time, Lincoln's views on race and equality were progressive and truly changed minds, policy and most importantly, hearts for years to come.
-Henry Louis Gates, Jr., professor at Harvard University
It's disingenuous to believe that he only wanted to stop the expansion of slavery and was not morally opposed to it. I've already provided several quotes and excerpts but here is another:
As a nation, we began by declaring that "all men are created equal." We now practically read it "all men are created equal, except negroes." When the Know-Nothings [American political part of the 1850s hostile immigration] get control, it will read "all men are created equal, except negroes, and foreigners, and catholics." When it comes to this I should prefer emigrating to some country where they make no pretence of loving liberty—to Russia, for instance, where despotism can be taken pure, and without the base alloy of hypocrisy.
Lincoln was a proponent of gradual emancipation as he recognized the difficulties inherent with an immediate emancipation. Additionally, he did not suggest simply packing up all the freedmen and shipping them off to another country, he only proposed it as a voluntary option.
I'll agree that the EP was a war measure first and foremost but there were political motivations for not emancipating the slaves in the border states, Tennessee, western Virginia, and New Orleans and the surrounding area, primarily to keep the populace of the border states (slaveholding states all) from turning on him and joining the Confederacy. It would have been very difficult to attempt to enforce the neutral, slaveholding border states to free their slaves, which could have driven thousands more recruits into the ranks of the Confederacy, especially in Kentucky and Missouri, where Southern sympathies were greatest.
Also, his whole rationale for issuing the proclamation was predicated on Union success in the field, not failure. Lincoln did not want the issuance of the proclamation to come across as a desperate measure. Thus, he waited until the Confederate invasion into Maryland was thwarted before issuing it.
I have been a student of the Civil War for several years now. I research material almost on a daily basis. I try to avoid revisionist theories, by researching writings from the era. I've read books, memoirs, and news articles from that time.
I'll begin with a few quotes from notable people during that era:
“So the case stands, and under all the passion of the parties and the cries of battle lie the two chief moving causes of the struggle. Union means so many millions a year lost to the South; secession means the loss of the same millions to the North. The love of money is the root of this, as of many other evils. The quarrel between the North and South is, as it stands, solely a fiscal quarrel.”
Charles Dickens,
“All The Year Round”
December 28, 1861
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Lysander Spooner, an American individualist anarchist, political philosopher, essayist, pamphlet writer, Unitarian Abolitionist, supporter of the labor movement, legal theorist, and entrepreneur of the nineteenth century, had this to say in his 1870 writing, No Treason: The Constitution of No Authority, (Chapter XIX):
Just a couple of snippets:
The pretense that the "abolition of slavery" was either a motive or justification for the war, is a fraud of the same character with that of "maintaining the national honor." Who, but such usurpers, robbers, and murderers as they, ever established slavery? Or what government, except one resting upon the sword, like the one we now have, was ever capable of maintaining slavery? And why did these men abolish slavery? Not from any love of liberty in general -- not as an act of justice to the black man himself, but only "as a war measure," and because they wanted his assistance, and that of his friends, in carrying on the war they had undertaken for maintaining and intensifying that political, commercial, and industrial slavery, to which they have subjected the great body of the people, both black and white. And yet these imposters now cry out that they have abolished the chattel slavery of the black man -- although that was not the motive of the war -- as if they thought they could thereby conceal, atone for, or justify that other slavery which they were fighting to perpetuate, and to render more rigorous and inexorable than it ever was before. There was no difference of principle -- but only of degree -- between the slavery they boast they have abolished, and the slavery they were fighting to preserve; for all restraints upon man's natural liberty, not necessary for the simple maintenance of justice, are of the nature of slavery, and differ from each other only in degree.
- All these cries of having "abolished slavery," of having "saved the country," of having "preserved the union," of establishing "a government of consent," and of "maintaining the national honor," are all gross, shameless, transparent cheats -- so transparent that they ought to deceive no one -- when uttered as justifications for the war, or for the government that has succeeded the war, or for now compelling the people to pay the cost of the war, or for compelling anybody to support a government that he does not want.
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Colonel Arthur J. L. Fremantle,
of the Coldstream Guards, wrote a diary ,
Three Months in the Southern States, which documented his travels through the Southern Confederacy, April - June 1863. He began his journey at Brownsville, Texas and passed through every seceded state but Arkansas and Florida. He witnessed and documented the Battle of Gettysburg and ended his diary during the New York Draft Riots, July 11-16, 1863.
Colonel Fremantle took 3 months leave from the English Army and set sail from England on March 3, 1863. His purpose was to gain an interior view of the Confederacy’s quest for independence. He admitted that he was uninformed as to the actual conditions in the Confederate states. The only information they received in England was from biased Yankee newspapers. He also confessed that, he along with most of his fellow Englishmen, were inclined to favor the North due to the aversion to slavery.
Gradually, he comes to the conclusion that the conflict is not over emancipation, but over differing economic systems, one commercial and industrial, the other largely agricultural. The North, seeking domination over all people and all things, the other content to live off the land. However, both are joined by a written constitution. The numerically superior North imposes protective tariffs on the imports of the South. The tariffs are a bounty to the North and a burden to the South. Those tariffs have the effect of levying an unequal and therefore unconstitutional tax on the consumer. Three Months in the Southern States is Fremantle’s pilgrimage towards the truth. It is a personal revelation of the real purpose of the war that has been hidden from the Englishman’s view.
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Alexis de Tocqueville, a French
diplomat,
political scientist and
historian. He was best known for his works
Democracy in America, he observed:
“The prejudice of race appears to be stronger in the states that have abolished slavery than in those where it still exists.”
Another factor that motivated war was the Republican Party’s lust (which, with few and brief exceptions, it has retained to the present day) to tax and spend. The North waged war against the South in order to regain the federal tax revenue that would be lost if the Southern states seceded peacefully. Republicans were then, and remain today, a Party of Big Government.
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These are just a few examples of what people of that era recognized. There are many more, but I want to get to Lincoln himself. I'll post several of his quotes regarding slavery and the African.
“I have no purpose directly or indirectly to interfere with the institution of slavery in the states where it exists. I believe I have no lawful right to do so, and I have no inclination to do so.”- Abraham Lincoln, First Inaugural Address,
March 4,
1861
“I have no purpose to introduce political and social equality between the white and black races. There is physical difference between the two which, in my judgment, will probably forever forbid their living together upon the footing of perfect equality, and inasmuch as it becomes a necessity that there must be a difference, I, as well as Judge Douglas, am in favor of the race to which I belong having the superior position.” - Abraham Lincoln, First Debate with Stephen A. Douglas at Ottawa, Illinois,
August 21,
1858
“My paramount object in this struggle is to save the Union, and is not either to save or destroy slavery.” - Abraham Lincoln's response to Horace Greeley, editor of the New York Tribune’s, editorial to Lincoln called "The Prayer of Twenty Millions," making demands and implying that Lincoln's administration lacked direction and resolve.
In his 1858 4th debate with Sen. Steven Douglas, Lincoln maintained,
“And inasmuch as they cannot so live, while they do remain together there must be the position of superior and inferior, and I as much as any other man am in favor of having the superior position assigned to the white race.”
while debating Douglas in 1858, Lincoln declared the following:
“I will say then that I am not, nor ever have been in favor of bringing about in any way the social and political equality of the white and black races.” - The Lincoln-Douglas Debates, 4th Debate Part I
“I have never had the least apprehension that I or my friends would marry negroes if there was no law to keep them from it, but as Judge Douglas and his friends seem to be in great apprehension that they might, if there were no law to keep them from it, I give him the most solemn pledge that I will to the very last stand by the law of this State, which forbids the marrying of white people with negroes.” - Abraham Lincoln (1809–1865). Political Debates Between Lincoln and Douglas 1897. Page 252
When addressing the Dred Scott Decision of 1857, Lincoln quoted the following:
“There is a natural disgust in the minds of nearly all white people to the idea of indiscriminate amalgamation of the white and black races … A separation of the races is the only perfect preventive of amalgamation, but as an immediate separation is impossible, the next best thing is to keep them apart where they are not already together. If white and black people never get together in Kansas, they will never mix blood in Kansas…” - Speech on the Dred Scott Decision, Abraham Lincoln, Speech at Springfield, Illinois,
June 26,
1857
“I will say then that I am not, nor ever have been in favor of bringing about in any way the social and political equality of the white and black races, [applause]---that I am not nor ever have been in favor of making voters or jurors of negroes, nor of qualifying them to hold office, nor to intermarry with white people; and I will say in addition to this that there is a physical difference between the white and black races which I believe will forever forbid the two races living together on terms of social and political equality. And inasmuch as they cannot so live, while they do remain together there must be the position of superior and inferior, and I as much as any other man am in favor of having the superior position assigned to the white race. I say upon this occasion I do not perceive that because the white man is to have the superior position the negro should be denied everything. I do not understand that because I do not want a negro woman for a slave I must necessarily want her for a wife."
—Lincoln's Fourth Debate with Douglas at Charleston, Illinois,
September 18,
1858
“I thought that whatever negroes can be got to do as soldiers, leaves just so much less for white soldiers to do, in saving the Union.” Taken from Lincoln’s Letter to James C. Conkling, August 26, 1863.
“My enemies pretend I am now carrying on this war for the sole purpose of abolition. So long as I am president, it shall be carried on for the sole purpose of restoring the Union”.
- A. Lincoln, August 16, 1864
Those are many of his quotes on his views toward slavery and Africans. I can also go over his illegal acts of tyranny and Constitutional debauchery if you wish.