Your thighs were sore for one week after 6x60 m?! I didn't think that was possible. This is not a good sign. In any case, start slower - Maximus and me have been discussing various ways to do that.
I would say you might be confusing the factors here a bit... the selection process of sprinters usually works out that the most powerful guys stay with the 100 m (most prestigious distance), and the lighter guys who may be a tad bit slower tend to move up to 200 and 400 m, where extra bulk doesn't help you because you have to carry it for longer. They then each train in a way that allows them to maximize their performance on that distance. And that is what you see on TV.
If the sprints are even shorter, even bigger people tend to do well - football blayers, weightlifters and sometimes even powerlifters can have extremely good 30 and 40 m times, even though their time on the 100 m is rarely national level. But you don't become super big if you only run 30 m

So in the end, if you want to become big, sprinting will not be a bad addition to resistance training. But whether you sprint 2 times, 3 times or five times per week will likely make little to no difference on your size gains once you're used to it. Until you are, too much extra activity will always negativel impact size gains,; on the other hand, it will make you leaner.