Running + increasing vertical jump

[Dan's Knuckles]

The tendons respond to eccentric loading, especially plyometric loading by realligning the collagen fiber to handle more force, this means that the decrease in elasticity must decrease. That is why eccentric loading is used as a treatment for tendonosis, a maladaptive overuse tendinopathy.

 

[EZA]

I'm not sure if you read the research I provided, but once again a more compliant tendon allows for greater contribution of elastic energy in SSC movements and smaller changes in length of the contractile elements. Due to the timing change it also allows the contractile components to contract at a more optimal length thus generating higher power output and rate of force develpoment.

Yes under loading collagen can be increased and/or realigned but it is not the only structure that influence the mechanical properties of the MTU complex. You are confusing the tensile strength of the tendon with its elasticity, they are different mechanical properties. If you look at animals like race horses they have long compliant tendons and short strong muscles. This is the most efficient mechanical model for producing repeated explosive force. There is also plenty of research showing tendons become less elastic with age and or/disuse, which would seem to indicate the importance of their elastic properties for performance.

Basketball is mostly an alactic-aerobic sport and basketball players do plenty of aerobic work. The majority of their playing time is spent at a moderate aerobic heart rate jogging up and down the court.

Here's some further research...

STIFFNESS CHANGES AND FIBER TYPE TRANSITIONS IN RAT SOLEUS MUSCLE PRODUCED BY JUMPING TRAINING

Author(s): POUSSON M, PEROT C, GOUBEL F
Source: PFLUGERS ARCHIV-EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY Volume: 419 Issue: 2
Abstract: Rat soleus muscles were overloaded with intent to induce a relative increase in fast fibres and modifications in muscular stiffness. The overloading technique was a training period consisting of an 11-week vertical jump programme. The method of controlled releases was used to obtain tension/extension curves characterizing the elastic behaviour of the soleus. Fibre typing was made by myofibrillar adenosine 5'-triphosphatase staining. With regard to a control group, training resulted in a relative decrease in type I fibres for the benefit of type II fibres. Training also induced a decrease in muscle stiffness as attested notably by significant differences in maximal extension. These results are interpreted in terms of modifications occurring in the active fraction of the so-called series elastic component.

Effects of stretch-shortening cycle training on mechanical properties and fibre type transition in the rat soleus muscle

M. I. Almeida-Silveira1, C. P

 

[ChachiKiller]

Thank you Dan. KZA is a cut and paste artist and will kill a thread in an instant.

KZA, you are helpful but you come in as "the authority". You have to chill a little. Have your fill of humble pie.

 

[EZA]

Chach,

Not trying to offend you but given your previous statements that tire flipping can be a plyometric exercise you might want to study this post a little more to get a better understanding of what plyometric actually means. If by "cut and paste" artist you mean I actually support my statements with research and evidence then yes I'm guilty. I'm perfectly willing to admit when I'm wrong or consider other evidence when presented.

 

[Ted-P]

There are three energy systems used in the body. These systems are preferentially recruited depending on the type of exercise that is performed. Bear in mind that whichever system is preferentially recruited, all three will be active to some degree (see table 2). Here is a short review of the three:

ATP-CP system:

This system is mainly used for high intensity, short duration demands. This system works by using the CP (creatine phosphate) and ATP (adenosine triphosphate) compounds within the muscles to create explosive energy. This system is a very short-term system, starting to fail after 10 seconds. (See table 1 below) This system is characteristically used in activities that require a high number of motor units in the muscle to be simultaneously activated, for example a one rep max in the bench press or a 40 yard sprint. This system is also known as the alactic aerobic energy system

Oxygen-independent glycolitic system:

This is the intermediate system in the body, working when the intensity is lower and duration slightly longer than the ATP-CP system. This system is recruited preferentially for activities between 6-30 seconds. When this system is being worked, lactic acid is produced, which will create a burning feeling in the muscle. The ability to process lactic acid is very important to avoid muscle tiredness and cramps etc. This system is also known as the lactic anaerobic/lactic acid energy system.
Oxygen-dependent system:

This is the long-term energy system, which is used by the body in all non-strenuous activity. This system uses oxygen to process glycogen and fatty acids for fuel. This is the

 

[Dan's Knuckles]

Decreased muscle stiffness is not talking about tendons. It is speaking about muscles. The active components of the SEC which they speak of I will give you that in rats, maybe that is the case. My problem with animal studies in this case, is that animals are different than humans. The research said that the rat soleus had a histochemical change of slow twitch to fast twitch, which has never EVER been documented in human studies. The only switch in human fiber type that has ever been reported is from IIx to IIb and back (and no, humans don't have IIa fibers, only ANIMALS such as RATS have IIa fibers, humans have IIx fibers which are fundamentally different in histochemical structure, which animals don't have). And the only way they switch back is with DETRAINING. You can push a rat a lot harder than you can push a human in a lab.

I appreciate your cutting and pasting of articles, the truth is I do not have the time to do that myself, however article summaries are summaries, and often times skip the significant nuances.

The interesting thing is that no one is arguing about the techniques, only how they work. This is good discourse, too bad I'm too lazy to go find the articles I got my info from.

 

[EZA]

Muscle research often takes place in animals because of the obvious constraints in doing it in humans, that doesn't mean it's invalid. You also only commented on one of the studies presented, there are several other that used human subjects and were looked at the stiffness of the tendon itself. I've seen the research that you speak of in distance runners where the tendon stiffness was higher than controls, but the same researcher group also presented research showing decreased stiffness in sprinters.

Also, there is some research suggesting a transition between type I and type II in humans, I've seen a few studies that showed it can happen. The key is how you're typing the fibers, based on the ****bolic or the contractlie properties. I'm also too lazy to look it up at the moment but it is out there.

 

[Dan's Knuckles]

Muscle research often takes place in animals because of the obvious constraints in doing it in humans, that doesn't mean it's invalid. You also only commented on one of the studies presented, there are several other that used human subjects and were looked at the stiffness of the tendon itself. I've seen the research that you speak of in distance runners where the tendon stiffness was higher than controls, but the same researcher group also presented research showing decreased stiffness in sprinters.

Also, there is some research suggesting a transition between type I and type II in humans, I've seen a few studies that showed it can happen. The key is how you're typing the fibers, based on the ****bolic or the contractlie properties. I'm also too lazy to look it up at the moment but it is out there.

EZA, I have grown quite lazy in my posting. If you are typing fibers by either contractile or ****bolic properties, it's all basically the same. Some people want to type by gene expression, which is bullshit. More aerobic, the slower it will contract, less aerobic the faster it will contract. Bottom line, the only way you can change, in humans, type II to I and the reverse is by altering the motor neuron that the muscle in question is innervated by.

Nobody here has bothered to post about the neurological adaptations to allow for increased vertical jump height, and honestly I don't feel like doing it myself so I am going to respectfully end my participation in this thread.

 

[takeahnase]

KZA, you are helpful but you come in as "the authority". You have to chill a little. Have your fill of humble pie.

The pompous posts where by the other poster...

WRONG.

A lot of training information on this board is contradictory because many people don't know what they are talking about, there is a lot of misinformation out there. I don't mean to insult anybody, but it irks me when people put incorrect information out there.

Case studies are a lower form of scientific research as there is no control or randomization.

I appreciate your cutting and pasting of articles, the truth is I do not have the time to do that myself, however article summaries are summaries, and often times skip the significant nuances.

This is good discourse, too bad I'm too lazy to go find the articles I got my info from.

EZA, I have grown quite lazy in my posting.

Nobody here has bothered to post about the neurological adaptations to allow for increased vertical jump height, and honestly I don't feel like doing it myself so I am going to respectfully end my participation in this thread.