I have used it since I was a small child in USSR. I still use it now.
I use it when I have colds/flus.
I also use it for muscular pain.
I prefer fire cupping however you can also get suction cups.
If you're very hairy you'll need to shave the areas where you plan to apply it. I've had to do it since I am quite hairy in some areas.
In my experience it's quite helpful for all sorts of back pain issues. I have also applied it to my shoulders.
I don't believe in the whole chi or whatever else.
It may improve circulation (micro circulation) with negative pressure, sinus draining, and stretches fascia and subcutaneous tissues,
Negative pressure causes local oxygen deficit which leads to vasodilation which results in relaxed sensation.
Cupping stimulates mechanoreceptors in the skin, which can reduce pain perception via the gate control theory (non-painful input blocks pain signals), trigger descending inhibitory pain pathways, and cause endorphin release which ultimately can feel like “deep relaxation” and pain relief many people report.
Separately mechanical stress can change cytokine profiles locally, reduce muscular tension,increase lymphatic drainage, and reduce the buildup of inflammatory metabolites.
I used to believe part of the benefits were due to replacing of the plasma but it appears the loss is so small from the capillaries being damaged that it's insignificant part of the healing process. Essentially your body gets rid of the cupping marks no different than it would from light bruises or hickeys.
There's a small risk of getting blisters but it's rare and only if you overheat the cups. It has happened to me when I had to insert the flame multiple times.
Here's a summary from LLM from all the various compounds and factors that are released to help heal after cupping:
"Here’s a concise list:
Vascular/Inflammatory
Nitric oxide (NO)
Histamine
Prostaglandins (PGE₂, PGI₂)
Bradykinin
Immune/Cytokine
IL-1β
IL-6 (early, pro-inflammatory)
IL-10 (late, anti-inflammatory)
TNF-α (early burst)
Regenerative/Growth Factors
VEGF
TGF-β
PDGF
IGF-1 (minor but present)
HO-1 (heme oxygenase pathways)
Neurochemical
Endorphins / enkephalins
Serotonin (from platelets)
Reduced substance P (later phase)
In moderation, this controlled cascade can lead to:
increased microcirculation
reduced nociception
relaxed fascia and muscle
anti-inflammatory rebound
improved perception of breathing (if done on upper back)
parasympathetic activation
This is why cupping can feel relieving even though it’s technically a “micro-injury.”