Some birds, migratory birds definitely have an uncanny sense and are known to change their routes and go thousands of miles more to go around incoming storms, even ones not formed yet. So much so that their flight paths can be tracked as part of an early warning system that something is coming.
But not all birds, particularly shore birds can fly away hundreds of miles to find an area that will not be impacted by a wide storm front. All sorts of shore birds have to find a place to hunker down and ride out the storm.
I wonder if as part of evolution this knowledge is passed down, as many other instincts are, and they just know a few safe places to go, such as to go to the Leeward side of a cliff and seek a roost down low or if it is 'taught' behaviour or just blind luck as to which survive and which do not.
Maybe
@Zookeeper Gabe has some info he can impart on how birds weather huge storms?