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That's exactly what Marx thought! And it's a necessary condition for his theory to work. He thought when society changes, people will stop acting like, well, humans, and will stop being selfish. Only then can we have society as he envisioned it. Adam Smith went the other way, he assumed everything we do is out of self-interest.
I'm not really going to debate you on whether human nature is malleable or not, because, well, it's an endless topic. But ask yourself, how do you know it's in large part a product of your environment? Were you being scientific when you gathered data to reach that conclusion? That is, were you only looking for data that supports that conclusion, or were you trying to to falsify your hypothesis?
From a personal perspective it is not easy to separate the nurture and nature component, but I think it can be determined from looking at large datasets and viewing patterns that emerge. Large datasets meaning cross-cultural and throughout history. An emergent nature of human beings becomes visible I think.
So human behavior is malleable to an extent, similar to any other animal (trainers can mold animal behavior) but there is also an underlying constant that doesn't really go away, and if a person becomes conditioned to be very far apart from his own nature, then I think psychological problems would rise.
And in any case, the only way to engineer an entire society to mold their thoughts and behaviors is a totalitarian one with control of media and education. Children would have to be indoctrinated starting at a young age, and the family unit would need to be disbanded (Marxists have talked about this problem, where parents have different interests for their children than the state and 'corrupt' the children with ideas that are not ideologically pure, so to speak). It would also require elimination of all other value systems (religions, ideologies, etc)
So, sort of like what was depicted in Huxley's Brave New World, where the state raised the children, there are no families, and each citizen is fully indoctrinated.