The lower intensity of activity (jogging), more carbohydrates are required. Higher-intensity (sprints, powerlifting) causes more damage, thus more protein. Protein requirement does slightly increase as the duration increases, but intensity is more important.
- You'll hear 0.8-2.0g protein per kg of bodyweight (office job to bodybuilder), and you'll hear 0.5g/pound, to 1g/pound for the same.
- Protein intake should be divided throughout the day, preferably 5-6 meals/snacks.
- Pre-workout calorie consumption 1-2 hours prior is more crucial than post-workout
- For mass gaining you'll pre and do the immediate post consume.
- Consume carbohydrates with the protein, as insulin (triggered with carbohydrate consumption) is required to make use of protein
- If after a while you feel weak and ARE eating enough carbohydrates and fats/not overtraining, try increasing your protein intake a little bit.
If you are eating low-carb and/or low-fat, part of your protein intake will be used through a lengthy process to provide energy, thus increasing your protein requirement, so definitely make sure you're not just drinking protein shakes.
I hope this helps. Nutrition information changes all the time.