International Factual Information & Analysis of the Russo-Ukrainian War

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Several members (@Jeffy37 , @lsa, can't remember the other names) have asked where it's possible to find factual information on the Russo-Ukrainian war so that they can better understand things and sort through the piles of propaganda being put out by both sides in the conflict. We'll start with a video from the Austrian Armed forces which was posted by @Cole train in the stickied thread. Unfortunately the videos are usually behind current events by a few months, but they do explain the actual events without any bias towards either side.




Next, there's the excellent Operational Art of War channel on youtube which is run by a Canadian military historian and graduate of the Staff College which is where they teach strategy and how to plan wars & operations. He has 8 videos so far on the opening stage of the war including the offensive on Kiev. The videos are long & somewhat dry, but they're packed with shitloads of background info and explained in a way that people without much military background can easily understand. I'll begin with part 8 where he covers part of the Kiev operation, and goes over what the Russians actually committed to the offensive along with its possible goals. Note how he explains the importance of logistics, including the differences between NATO and Russian systems and the implications & limitations which it places on Russian operations. He also thoroughly debunks the Western narrative that the Russians are stupid incompetents, they're actually well trained professional soldiers who didn't suffer anywhere close to the losses claimed by Western media.




Next, we do some reading. The following excerpt is from the Royal United Services Institute which is the UK's strategy & defence think tank. It gives an overview of Russian doctrine and explains the logic & reasoning behind it. We need to understand the Russian thought process and what makes them tick before we can throw around the usual claims of "they're retards and failures who don't know what they're doing". The Russians have their own art of war, and it's actually a very sophisticated and effective system. It explains why the Western claims of "Russia is failing because the can't take any ground" is gravely mistaken, and a product of the prejudices of Western doctrine.

Excerpt:
Attritional wars require their own ‘Art of War’ and are fought with a ‘force-centric’ approach, unlike wars of manoeuvre which are ‘terrain-focused’. They are rooted in massive industrial capacity to enable the replacement of losses, geographical depth to absorb a series of defeats, and technological conditions that prevent rapid ground movement. In attritional wars, military operations are shaped by a state’s ability to replace losses and generate new formations, not tactical and operational manoeuvres. The side that accepts the attritional nature of war and focuses on destroying enemy forces rather than gaining terrain is most likely to win.

The West is not prepared for this kind of war. To most Western experts, attritional strategy is counterintuitive. Historically, the West preferred the short ‘winner takes all’ clash of professional armies. Recent war games such as CSIS’s war over Taiwan covered one month of fighting. The possibility that the war would go on never entered the discussion. This is a reflection of a common Western attitude. Wars of attrition are treated as exceptions, something to be avoided at all costs and generally products of leaders’ ineptitude. Unfortunately, wars between near-peer powers are likely to be attritional, thanks to a large pool of resources available to replace initial losses. The attritional nature of combat, including the erosion of professionalism due to casualties, levels the battlefield no matter which army started with better trained forces. As conflict drags on, the war is won by economies, not armies. States that grasp this and fight such a war via an attritional strategy aimed at exhausting enemy resources while preserving their own are more likely to win. The fastest way to lose a war of attrition is to focus on manoeuvre, expending valuable resources on near-term territorial objectives. Recognising that wars of attrition have their own art is vital to winning them without sustaining crippling losses.



We continue with an article from Parameters which is the publication where members of the US Army War College present & debate their ideas. It builds on the previous article I posted and explains some of the problems NATO would run into if they tried to fight in the Ukraine. Some folks might be shocked to learn that NATO forces would suffer significantly higher casualties than the Ukrainians, but it shouldn't be surprising considering that we have no experience with modern peer level war.

Excerpt:
The Russia-Ukraine War is exposing significant vulnerabilities
in the Army’s strategic personnel depth and ability to withstand and replace
casualties.11 Army theater medical planners may anticipate a sustained
rate of roughly 3,600 casualties per day, ranging from those killed in action
to those wounded in action or suffering disease or other non-battle injuries.12
With a 25 percent predicted replacement rate, the personnel system will
require 800 new personnel each day. For context, the United States sustained
about 50,000 casualties in two decades of fighting in Iraq and Afghanistan.
In large-scale combat operations, the United States could experience that same
number of casualties in two weeks.

In addition to the disciplined disobedience required to execute effective
mission command, the US Army is facing a dire combination of a recruiting
shortfall and a shrinking Individual Ready Reserve. This recruiting shortfall,
nearly 50 percent in the combat arms career management fields, is a longitudinal
problem. Every infantry and armor soldier we do not recruit today is a strategic
mobilization asset we will not have in 2031.14 The Individual Ready Reserve,
which stood at 700,000 in 1973 and 450,000 in 1994, now stands at 76,000.15
These numbers cannot fill the existing gaps in the active force, let alone
any casualty replacement or expansion during a large-scale combat operation.
The implication is that the 1970s concept of an all-volunteer force has outlived
its shelf life and does not align with the current operating environment.
The technological revolution described below suggests this force has reached
obsolescence. Large-scale combat operations troop requirements may well
require a reconceptualization of the 1970s and 1980s volunteer force and
a move toward partial conscription.


That should give y'all a couple hours of information to digest so you can better understand what's really going on and sort through the propaganda that's getting put out by everyone for cheap clicks. If @Ludwig von Mises or any other members want to contribute you're all welcome to do so. Just be warned that propaganda & BS will be ruthlessly debunked, so don't be posting anything from Perun, ISW, or anything of that nature.
 
This post will give you the opinions of NATO fighter pilots on Russian planes. These are all NATO military pilots who've either flown Russian planes or gone up against them in training exercises.

We begin with Dave Best who flew the Su-27 in the 90s shortly after the Soviet Union fell. The key point is how easy the plane is to fly, and this fits in with the one of the points brought up in the written articles in the OP. In a real war, you're gonna lose most of your experienced pilots in the first months or year, same thing that happened to the Japanese in WW2 will happen to both NATO and Russian forces should they get into a war. A plane that's simple & easy to fly is going to retain far more of its effectiveness in the hands of a newbie pilot than a complicated high-tech plane where you need a 2000 hour pilot to get the best out of it.




Next, we go to Gonky, a US Navy pilot who's flown against the Malaysian export version of the Su-30 in training exercises. He says it's the toughest opponent he's ever gone against other than the F-22. The unsaid implication here is that it's better than the F-35, nevermind the F-16 or any of the other NATO 4th gen fighters.




Finally we go to Robert Hierl, a German test pilot who flew the MiG-29 following German reunification. He said it was the best plane the Germans had in their inventory, but that's not the important part. The interesting point is where he goes over the pros & cons of the limited radar & electronics systems in the plane, along with why it may not be as big of a problem as commonly thought. This is because Russian doctrine uses ground control stations & radars to guide planes towards their enemies, and once they're in range the planes can flip on their own radars to do the final targeting. It's essentially a ground based version of our AWACS system which the Soviets had to use since their technology wasn't as advanced as ours was.




Soviet hardware is a lot better than most people give it credit for. There are limitations in electronics, radars, and control systems, but these have been mostly overcome in recent years with various modernization programs. Su-35s and other modernized Russian planes are now as good or better than any 4th gen plane on the NATO side. This is why the F-16 isn't some "wonder weapon" that'll change the course of the war, it's just the Western version of the MiG-29 with better radar & electronics and Russians have been blowing Ukrainian MiGs out of the sky without too much trouble.
 
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Several members (@Jeffy37 , @lsa, can't remember the other names) have asked where it's possible to find factual information on the Russo-Ukrainian war so that they can better understand things and sort through the piles of propaganda being put out by both sides in the conflict. We'll start with a video from the Austrian Armed forces which was posted by @Cole train in the stickied thread. Unfortunately the videos are usually behind current events by a few months, but they do explain the actual events without any bias towards either side.




Next, there's the excellent Operational Art of War channel on youtube which is run by a Canadian military historian and graduate of the Staff College which is where they teach strategy and how to plan wars & operations. He has 8 videos so far on the opening stage of the war including the offensive on Kiev. The videos are long & somewhat dry, but they're packed with shitloads of background info and explained in a way that people without much military background can easily understand. I'll begin with part 8 where he covers part of the Kiev operation, and goes over what the Russians actually committed to the offensive along with its possible goals. Note how he explains the importance of logistics, including the differences between NATO and Russian systems and the implications & limitations which it places on Russian operations. He also thoroughly debunks the Western narrative that the Russians are stupid incompetents, they're actually well trained professional soldiers who didn't suffer anywhere close to the losses claimed by Western media.




Next, we do some reading. The following excerpt is from the Royal United Services Institute which is the UK's strategy & defence think tank. It gives an overview of Russian doctrine and explains the logic & reasoning behind it. We need to understand the Russian thought process and what makes them tick before we can throw around the usual claims of "they're retards and failures who don't know what they're doing". The Russians have their own art of war, and it's actually a very sophisticated and effective system. It explains why the Western claims of "Russia is failing because the can't take any ground" is gravely mistaken, and a product of the prejudices of Western doctrine.

Excerpt:
Attritional wars require their own ‘Art of War’ and are fought with a ‘force-centric’ approach, unlike wars of manoeuvre which are ‘terrain-focused’. They are rooted in massive industrial capacity to enable the replacement of losses, geographical depth to absorb a series of defeats, and technological conditions that prevent rapid ground movement. In attritional wars, military operations are shaped by a state’s ability to replace losses and generate new formations, not tactical and operational manoeuvres. The side that accepts the attritional nature of war and focuses on destroying enemy forces rather than gaining terrain is most likely to win.

The West is not prepared for this kind of war. To most Western experts, attritional strategy is counterintuitive. Historically, the West preferred the short ‘winner takes all’ clash of professional armies. Recent war games such as CSIS’s war over Taiwan covered one month of fighting. The possibility that the war would go on never entered the discussion. This is a reflection of a common Western attitude. Wars of attrition are treated as exceptions, something to be avoided at all costs and generally products of leaders’ ineptitude. Unfortunately, wars between near-peer powers are likely to be attritional, thanks to a large pool of resources available to replace initial losses. The attritional nature of combat, including the erosion of professionalism due to casualties, levels the battlefield no matter which army started with better trained forces. As conflict drags on, the war is won by economies, not armies. States that grasp this and fight such a war via an attritional strategy aimed at exhausting enemy resources while preserving their own are more likely to win. The fastest way to lose a war of attrition is to focus on manoeuvre, expending valuable resources on near-term territorial objectives. Recognising that wars of attrition have their own art is vital to winning them without sustaining crippling losses.



We continue with an article from Parameters which is the publication where members of the US Army War College present & debate their ideas. It builds on the previous article I posted and explains some of the problems NATO would run into if they tried to fight in the Ukraine. Some folks might be shocked to learn that NATO forces would suffer significantly higher casualties than the Ukrainians, but it shouldn't be surprising considering that we have no experience with modern peer level war.

Excerpt:
The Russia-Ukraine War is exposing significant vulnerabilities
in the Army’s strategic personnel depth and ability to withstand and replace
casualties.11 Army theater medical planners may anticipate a sustained
rate of roughly 3,600 casualties per day, ranging from those killed in action
to those wounded in action or suffering disease or other non-battle injuries.12
With a 25 percent predicted replacement rate, the personnel system will
require 800 new personnel each day. For context, the United States sustained
about 50,000 casualties in two decades of fighting in Iraq and Afghanistan.
In large-scale combat operations, the United States could experience that same
number of casualties in two weeks.

In addition to the disciplined disobedience required to execute effective
mission command, the US Army is facing a dire combination of a recruiting
shortfall and a shrinking Individual Ready Reserve. This recruiting shortfall,
nearly 50 percent in the combat arms career management fields, is a longitudinal
problem. Every infantry and armor soldier we do not recruit today is a strategic
mobilization asset we will not have in 2031.14 The Individual Ready Reserve,
which stood at 700,000 in 1973 and 450,000 in 1994, now stands at 76,000.15
These numbers cannot fill the existing gaps in the active force, let alone
any casualty replacement or expansion during a large-scale combat operation.
The implication is that the 1970s concept of an all-volunteer force has outlived
its shelf life and does not align with the current operating environment.
The technological revolution described below suggests this force has reached
obsolescence. Large-scale combat operations troop requirements may well
require a reconceptualization of the 1970s and 1980s volunteer force and
a move toward partial conscription.


That should give y'all a couple hours of information to digest so you can better understand what's really going on and sort through the propaganda that's getting put out by everyone for cheap clicks. If @Ludwig von Mises or any other members want to contribute you're all welcome to do so. Just be warned that propaganda & BS will be ruthlessly debunked, so don't be posting anything from Perun, ISW, or anything of that nature.

I don't care about your open pro Kremlin oriented stance. And how you might explain why supposedly more skilled and consoderably better equipped Russia didn't had managed to annex Luhansk and Donbas oblastjs in 1 -2 months as had been predicted by comrade Mr Girkin and his friends?
You will claim about mysterious super supplies from NATO and idiotic stuff like Chamberlain did...cos you are smart seller of colonies and imperialist like Chamberlain was
Nice Russian friend.....nothing more comrade.
 
This post will give you the opinions of NATO fighter pilots on Russian planes. These are all NATO military pilots who've either flown Russian planes or gone up against them in training exercises.

We begin with Dave Best who flew the Su-27 in the 90s shortly after the Soviet Union fell. The key point is how easy the plane is to fly, and this fits in with the one of the points brought up in the written articles in the OP. In a real war, you're gonna lose most of your experienced pilots in the first months or year, same thing that happened to the Japanese in WW2 will happen to both NATO and Russian forces should they get into a war. A plane that's simple & easy to fly is going to retain far more of its effectiveness in the hands of a newbie pilot than a complicated high-tech plane where you need a 2000 hour pilot to get the best out of it.




Next, we go to Gonky, a US Navy pilot who's flown against the Malaysian export version of the Su-30 in training exercises. He says it's the toughest opponent he's ever gone against other than the F-22. The unsaid implication here is that it's better than the F-35, nevermind the F-16 or any of the other NATO 4th gen fighters.




Finally we go to Robert Hierl, a German test pilot who flew the MiG-29 following German reunification. He said it was the best plane the Germans had in their inventory, but that's not the important part. The interesting point is where he goes over the pros & cons of the limited radar & electronics systems in the plane, along with why it may not be as big of a problem as commonly thought. This is because Russian doctrine uses ground control stations & radars to guide planes towards their enemies, and once they're in range the planes can flip on their own radars to do the final targeting. It's essentially a ground based version of our AWACS system which the Soviets had to use since their technology wasn't as advanced as ours was.




Soviet hardware is a lot better than most people give it credit for. There are limitations in electronics, radars, and control systems, but these have been mostly overcome in recent years with various modernization programs. Su-35s and other modernized Russian planes are now as good or better than any 4th gen plane on the NATO side. This is why the F-16 isn't some "wonder weapon" that'll change the course of the war, it's just the Western version of the MiG-29 with better radar & electronics and Russians have been blowing Ukrainian MiGs out of the sky without too much trouble.

Who here had claimed that F-16 will be wunder waffe...comrade, at first relocate to Russia you love damn a lot , apply for citizenship and volunteer for special military operation...why not...

Mig 29 exported to East Germany were blocks intended for export to warshaw block countries...
Even not close to Mig 29 Ukr had in 1990 th...
If we take in account multiple upgrades MiG 29 had since 1990 th 8n Russia, guess what.
And I really advise weak pussies to cede U.K to russia, for hardcore traitors it will be soft action and why you should resist comrade? Cede U.K to Russia pussy traitor. Do you know how russian nationalists are thinking about you? Weak and lazy, money and comfort hungry loosers and idiots. 20 years in row comrade.
If someone does have nuke but doesn't have balls to launch, he doesn't have nor nuke nor balls. Yury Andropov.
 
Dude, just put your rambling apologistic nonsense in the thread
"Lots of people are asking me for a long winded diatribe" uh huh sure thing Boris

You don't like it, fine. GTFO and go back to the megathread where you can have a circle-jerk with the rest of your pro-Ukrainian butt-buddies.

I didn't know you were pro Kremlin.

I'm not. From my viewpoint this is the continuation of 1000 years of conflict between the Ukraine and Russia. I have no stake in the war so they can kill each other until they're happy or get sick of it. I do admit that I rather enjoy seeing shit get blown up along with all the creative ways that humans come up with for killing each other. Ukraine was first to master drones and realize their importance in warfare, and they quickly developed a doctrine for it which led to their success in the 2022 summer counter-offensive. Russia countered with electronic warfare and eventually figured out how to use drones themselves. The cat & mouse game is quite fascinating, though it really does suck for the soldiers getting blown up on the ground.
 
How can any information that presents Russia as anything but absolutely terrible at everything be factual? I've been led to believe by the sherdog military experts that Russia is a third rate military power that is constantly losing to Ukraine, is fighting with shovels and has lost 45 billion soldiers so far.
 
Ukr most likely will get initailly export stuff intended for not NATO customers....and even these a bit and not modern..
 
So, a war of attrition is won by having more soldiers than the enemy has bullets?
We will supply more bullets than Russia and Ukraine together had number of inhabitants and regardless from opinions from U.S or Russia or China or Ukraine...because deNazification should be done....
 
We will supply more bullets than Russia and Ukraine together had number of inhabitants and regardless from opinions from U.S or Russia or China or Ukraine...because deNazification should be done....
Who is "we"? I dunno where you are from.
 
2 years and hundreds of thousands of casualties later they are behind where they started in the first month's...the country without a navy has sunk 25% of the black sea fleet, and Putin is going cap in hand to N Korea...













And more countries joined NATO....
 
Several members (@Jeffy37 , @lsa, can't remember the other names) have asked where it's possible to find factual information on the Russo-Ukrainian war so that they can better understand things and sort through the piles of propaganda being put out by both sides in the conflict. We'll start with a video from the Austrian Armed forces which was posted by @Cole train in the stickied thread. Unfortunately the videos are usually behind current events by a few months, but they do explain the actual events without any bias towards either side.




Next, there's the excellent Operational Art of War channel on youtube which is run by a Canadian military historian and graduate of the Staff College which is where they teach strategy and how to plan wars & operations. He has 8 videos so far on the opening stage of the war including the offensive on Kiev. The videos are long & somewhat dry, but they're packed with shitloads of background info and explained in a way that people without much military background can easily understand. I'll begin with part 8 where he covers part of the Kiev operation, and goes over what the Russians actually committed to the offensive along with its possible goals. Note how he explains the importance of logistics, including the differences between NATO and Russian systems and the implications & limitations which it places on Russian operations. He also thoroughly debunks the Western narrative that the Russians are stupid incompetents, they're actually well trained professional soldiers who didn't suffer anywhere close to the losses claimed by Western media.




Next, we do some reading. The following excerpt is from the Royal United Services Institute which is the UK's strategy & defence think tank. It gives an overview of Russian doctrine and explains the logic & reasoning behind it. We need to understand the Russian thought process and what makes them tick before we can throw around the usual claims of "they're retards and failures who don't know what they're doing". The Russians have their own art of war, and it's actually a very sophisticated and effective system. It explains why the Western claims of "Russia is failing because the can't take any ground" is gravely mistaken, and a product of the prejudices of Western doctrine.

Excerpt:
Attritional wars require their own ‘Art of War’ and are fought with a ‘force-centric’ approach, unlike wars of manoeuvre which are ‘terrain-focused’. They are rooted in massive industrial capacity to enable the replacement of losses, geographical depth to absorb a series of defeats, and technological conditions that prevent rapid ground movement. In attritional wars, military operations are shaped by a state’s ability to replace losses and generate new formations, not tactical and operational manoeuvres. The side that accepts the attritional nature of war and focuses on destroying enemy forces rather than gaining terrain is most likely to win.

The West is not prepared for this kind of war. To most Western experts, attritional strategy is counterintuitive. Historically, the West preferred the short ‘winner takes all’ clash of professional armies. Recent war games such as CSIS’s war over Taiwan covered one month of fighting. The possibility that the war would go on never entered the discussion. This is a reflection of a common Western attitude. Wars of attrition are treated as exceptions, something to be avoided at all costs and generally products of leaders’ ineptitude. Unfortunately, wars between near-peer powers are likely to be attritional, thanks to a large pool of resources available to replace initial losses. The attritional nature of combat, including the erosion of professionalism due to casualties, levels the battlefield no matter which army started with better trained forces. As conflict drags on, the war is won by economies, not armies. States that grasp this and fight such a war via an attritional strategy aimed at exhausting enemy resources while preserving their own are more likely to win. The fastest way to lose a war of attrition is to focus on manoeuvre, expending valuable resources on near-term territorial objectives. Recognising that wars of attrition have their own art is vital to winning them without sustaining crippling losses.



We continue with an article from Parameters which is the publication where members of the US Army War College present & debate their ideas. It builds on the previous article I posted and explains some of the problems NATO would run into if they tried to fight in the Ukraine. Some folks might be shocked to learn that NATO forces would suffer significantly higher casualties than the Ukrainians, but it shouldn't be surprising considering that we have no experience with modern peer level war.

Excerpt:
The Russia-Ukraine War is exposing significant vulnerabilities
in the Army’s strategic personnel depth and ability to withstand and replace
casualties.11 Army theater medical planners may anticipate a sustained
rate of roughly 3,600 casualties per day, ranging from those killed in action
to those wounded in action or suffering disease or other non-battle injuries.12
With a 25 percent predicted replacement rate, the personnel system will
require 800 new personnel each day. For context, the United States sustained
about 50,000 casualties in two decades of fighting in Iraq and Afghanistan.
In large-scale combat operations, the United States could experience that same
number of casualties in two weeks.

In addition to the disciplined disobedience required to execute effective
mission command, the US Army is facing a dire combination of a recruiting
shortfall and a shrinking Individual Ready Reserve. This recruiting shortfall,
nearly 50 percent in the combat arms career management fields, is a longitudinal
problem. Every infantry and armor soldier we do not recruit today is a strategic
mobilization asset we will not have in 2031.14 The Individual Ready Reserve,
which stood at 700,000 in 1973 and 450,000 in 1994, now stands at 76,000.15
These numbers cannot fill the existing gaps in the active force, let alone
any casualty replacement or expansion during a large-scale combat operation.
The implication is that the 1970s concept of an all-volunteer force has outlived
its shelf life and does not align with the current operating environment.
The technological revolution described below suggests this force has reached
obsolescence. Large-scale combat operations troop requirements may well
require a reconceptualization of the 1970s and 1980s volunteer force and
a move toward partial conscription.


That should give y'all a couple hours of information to digest so you can better understand what's really going on and sort through the propaganda that's getting put out by everyone for cheap clicks. If @Ludwig von Mises or any other members want to contribute you're all welcome to do so. Just be warned that propaganda & BS will be ruthlessly debunked, so don't be posting anything from Perun, ISW, or anything of that nature.

Thank you for sharing some truth 🙏
 
So, a war of attrition is won by having more soldiers than the enemy has bullets?

That's one way to put it, though in real life there's a lot more to it which is where the Soviet concept of Deep Operations comes into play. Keep in mind that both the Ukrainians & Russians have the same Soviet field manuals which they're both applying to the current war.

In short, Deep Operations means you're not just attacking the forces on the front lines, you're also hitting every key target you can behind the lines to cripple the enemy's logistics and ability to resupply, move around, or rotate their forces off the front for rest & recovery. On top of that, you also want to hit key industrial and infrastructure targets to destroy their production of weapons and things that are used to make weapons. Both sides are doing a pretty good job of this with the resources they have, the Russians are hitting bridges, power plants, factories, airfields, and command posts with missiles & glide bombs. Ukrainians are droning the shit out of Russian oil refineries and supply depots along with any command posts, ships, and air defence systems they can find.

Unfortunately for the Ukrainians, most of Russia's military industry is in the Urals or Siberia which is well outside the range of the weapons they have, though they've still managed to hit a few targets with saboteurs. On the other hand, Russian can hit anything they want in the Ukraine with missiles & glide bombs, and they have, which is a huge problem. The end result is that almost all of Russia's military industry & infrastructure is still intact and running at close to full production whereas the Ukraine is now in the dark after getting most of its power plants blown up. This of course has severely tanked their military production, which means they'll only be able to replace a small portion of the losses they're suffering at the front.

And that's where the attrition comes into play. Despite all the losses they've taken, the Russian army hasn't been weakened at all, in fact they now have more men & equipment at the front than they did at the start of the war. The Ukrainians on the other hand have hit the point where they can no longer replace their losses since most of their factories, power plants, and supply depots have been blown up. What happens next is the Russians will continue the grind until they believe the Ukrainians have been critically weakened, at which point they'll go on the offensive and start taking large chunks of land.
 
That's one way to put it, though in real life there's a lot more to it which is where the Soviet concept of Deep Operations comes into play. Keep in mind that both the Ukrainians & Russians have the same Soviet field manuals which they're both applying to the current war.

In short, Deep Operations means you're not just attacking the forces on the front lines, you're also hitting every key target you can behind the lines to cripple the enemy's logistics and ability to resupply, move around, or rotate their forces off the front for rest & recovery. On top of that, you also want to hit key industrial and infrastructure targets to destroy their production of weapons and things that are used to make weapons. Both sides are doing a pretty good job of this with the resources they have, the Russians are hitting bridges, power plants, factories, airfields, and command posts with missiles & glide bombs. Ukrainians are droning the shit out of Russian oil refineries and supply depots along with any command posts, ships, and air defence systems they can find.
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