A throat strike could end a fight but it's way more likely to in a non-sanction fight/self defense situation than in a pro fight. Intentional throat shots are illegal.
An incidental throat strike could do it but with gloves on it's hard to get all the impact force on the right spot. A kick could certaily do the job, as stated in your OP but it's such a small target, usually covered by the chin.
Only straight kicks would be able to target that spot, either a front kick or side kick (maybe a spinning back/mule or side kick could do it too) unless the opponent is in a weird position from a scramble (like Holly's kick to Rousey's neck if The kick landed a little sooner in Rousey's rotation). Then a round kick might be able to sneak in there.
Can you imagine if Silva's front kick on Belfort landed on Belfort's trachea instead of his chin? I think it would likely have at least beeen the begining of the end of that fight.
Also pro fighters almost unilaterally have very well developed neck muscles. The SCM (Sterno-cledo mastoideus - see fig below) muscles in the front of the neck go a long way to protect the trachia.
The kick Holly landed on Rousey looked like it landed on the side of Tousey's neck but that's obviously not a throat shot.
It also seems possible that a straight elbow could sneak under the ching and strike the throat. I guess if the point landed between the SCM muscles it could be devastating.
If Weidman's elbow vs Munoz had been more parallel to the ground and a bit lower, it coul've devastated Mark's throat.
Goddamn, that timing ...