Economy Bank of England Boss: Brexit Has "Weighed" on British Economy, Trade in Goods Down

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The UK must "rebuild relations" with the EU "while respecting the decision of the British people" who voted to leave in 2016, the Bank of England's governor has said.
Andrew Bailey's Mansion House speech to investors marked some of his strongest comments yet on Brexit, saying one of its consequences has been weaker trade.
He has previously avoided commenting on the topic because of the Bank's independence from Westminster politics.
"As a public official, I take no position on Brexit per se," he said. "But I do have to point out consequences."
Mr Bailey said the changed relationship with the EU has "weighed" on the economy.
"The impact on trade seems to be more in goods than services... But it underlines why we must be alert to and welcome opportunities to rebuild relations while respecting that very important decision of the British people."
Mr Bailey also said that the UK should not focus "just on the effects of Brexit", warning about "geopolitical shocks and the broader fragmentation of the global economy".
His Brexit comments go much further than he previously has on the topic. Last November, he said the decision had "led to a reduction in the openness of the UK economy".
Assessing the impact of the UK's decision to leave the EU on the economy has been tricky given the multiple economic shocks in recent years.
The Office for Budget Responsibility and other independent analysts estimate the economy will take a 4% hit over 15 years as a result.
Goods trade, especially in food and farm exports, has been especially hit by the imposition of new trade barriers. Trade in services, such as banking, has done better than expected, however.
The government remains opposed to rejoining the EU, but Prime Minister Keir Starmer and some EU politicians have said there could be a better relationship.
Spain’s Finance Minister Carlos Cuerpo told the BBC: "We need to be positive here and optimistic that a better deal can be actually closed on that front."
A UK government spokesperson said: "We are committed to resetting our relationship with our European partners... and improving our trade and investment relationship."
Vicky Pryce, chief economic advisor to the Centre for Economics & Business Research, said Mr Bailey may have made his comments due to the election of Donald Trump as US president.
Trump made a repeated campaign promise to levy a 20% tax on all imports of goods into the US, and a 60% tariff on Chinese imports.
Ms Pryce said if that were to happen "it is actually quite questionable whether the UK could have a special relationship with the US when it still trades quite substantially with Europe".
Mr Bailey's Mansion House address came alongside a speech by Chancellor Rachel Reeves, who talked about her plans to shake up the UK pension system in a bid for growth.
She wants council pension pots to be merged so they can make bigger investments to generate higher returns, a move criticised as risky by some.
“The UK has been regulating for risk, but not regulating for growth,” she said.
The annual event comes as the government also faces criticism from businesses for holding back growth through tax raises, which Reeves has said are necessary to "properly fund" public services.
Reeves said that regulations brought in after the 2008 global financial crisis "resulted in a system which sought to eliminate risk-taking", adding that has now "gone too far".
She said financial services in the UK "were the crown jewel in our economy" but that "we cannot take the UK's status as a global financial centre for granted".
The government will publish a financial services strategy in the spring, she said.
It will focus on fintech, sustainable finance, asset management, insurance, and capital markets, she said, "laying the foundations for more private investment".
She said sustainable investments represented "a huge opportunity".

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LOL.

But thank God the upside was that we "took back control of our borders", the perennial promise of the right, even if trade has suffered.

  • Trade
    Goods trade between the UK and the EU has declined, with exports down 27% and imports down 32% between 2021 and 2023. However, services have performed better than expected, with service exports now outpacing goods exports.

  • Jobs
    The UK has 1.8 million fewer jobs than it would have if Brexit hadn't happened, with the average Briton nearly £2,000 worse off.

  • GDP
    The UK's economy is estimated to be 2.5% smaller in 2023 than it would have been if the UK had remained in the EU. The hit to GDP is expected to increase to 3% in 2024 and 3.2% by 2025.

  • Uncertainty
    Brexit has increased uncertainty about the UK's future trade policy, which has reduced international trade.

  • Offshoring
    British firms have increased offshoring to the EU, while European firms have reduced new investments in the UK.

  • Food supply
    Food supply disruptions remain a concern, as the UK imports nearly half of its food.

Oh, wait...

Britain’s immigration surge ‘bigger than all other rich nations’

More than 700,000 ‘permanent migrants’ moved to the UK last year, OECD says


Britain has most illegal migrants in Europe, study finds​

Figures showing one in 100 of the population is in the country illegally disclosed following biggest day for Channel crossings this year

<{blankeye}>

I can't believe it. They promised to fix this, and turns out they weren't fixing anything at all!
 
At least they can be racist now and keep them pesky European immigrants out…
 
Doing the right thing isn't always easy.

So funny seeing progressives trying to use stuff like this as an 'own.'

This is why you always lose elections.

The right thing is to do what? Bring your own country into the third world? To do what? “Own the libs”

Yes keep winning lol while your kids get a shitter future
 
British producers are closing at record numbers because the UK has the highest electricity prices in Europe.

People voted for Brexit to stop the UK being infested by illegal immigrants taking advantage of the EU's freedom of movement anyway.

I think most were quite content at the idea of business being a bit slower, so long as their kids weren't at risk of grooming gangs or being slaughtered at a dance class.
 
British producers are closing at record numbers because the UK has the highest electricity prices in Europe.

People voted for Brexit to stop the UK being infested by illegal immigrants taking advantage of the EU's freedom of movement anyway.

I think most were quite content at the idea of business being a bit slower, so long as their kids weren't at risk of grooming gangs or being slaughtered at a dance class.

Well unfortunately Farage and co lied through their teeth to the public and enough people ate it up to get to a stage where we have none of the promised benefits of Brexit but all of the predicted downsides.
 
Well unfortunately Farage and co lied through their teeth to the public and enough people ate it up to get to a stage where we have none of the promised benefits of Brexit but all of the predicted downsides.
Farage wasn't in control of what happened post-Brexit, the Conservatives and Labour were.

Both could legally enforce that the illegal immigrants are returned to France.
 
Farage wasn't in control of what happened post-Brexit, the Conservatives and Labour were.

Both could legally enforce that the illegal immigrants are returned to France.

That wasn't what it was run on though. We weren't going to have immigrants, we were going to have billions extra for the NHS, we were going to get great trade deals, we were going to make our own rules on everything.
 
That wasn't what it was run on though. We weren't going to have immigrants, we were going to have billions extra for the NHS, we were going to get great trade deals, we were going to make our own rules on everything.
Not letting in thousands of illegal immigrants every month would've significantly boosted the NHS.

Much of the initial push for Brexit came following Turkey's campaign to be admitting to the EU, which would've given certain people an even easier route to Britain.
 
Not letting in thousands of illegal immigrants every month would've significantly boosted the NHS.

Much of the initial push for Brexit came following Turkey's campaign to be admitting to the EU, which would've given certain people an even easier route to Britain.

That wasn't how they told us they were going to increase NHS funding though was it?
 
I thought because of covid all around the world was suffering with inflation ? Now that's not the thing it's brexit.
 
I would say it is worth it if they kept their sovereignty, however it's still infested with the 3rd world and people get arrested for tweets so that didn't work out too well.
 
No this article is specifically about goods trade involving the UK.

It's not about inflation.

I saw jobs and investment also

Investment​

How much businesses choose to spend on factories, training, equipment and technology, is also affected by our relationship with the EU. And the chancellor acknowledges that investment can turbocharge growth.
But investment has stalled since the referendum, as businesses remain wary of the outlook for the economy. Investment wasn't great even before 2016, but if it had continued its pre-referendum trend, analysis by the think tank the UK in a Changing Europe suggests it could be about 25% higher than it is now.
Economists argue about how to explain that gap. Some - including the International Monetary Fund - have suggested that uncertainty surrounding Brexit, including the unsettled issue of the Northern Ireland Protocol, have deterred at least some spending. Sir Richard Branson is among the business bosses who have suggested the cost of Brexit red tape would put them off investing in the UK.
The pro-Brexit group, Briefings for Business, claims that the numbers are misleading, and that there isn't evidence of a Brexit-related hit to investment.
Ultimately, however, a lack of investment means we are a less-efficient, lower-earning economy than we could be.
Advertisement

Jobs​

Leaving the EU also meant changes to the rules on the free movement of labour and the introduction of a points-based immigration system That has prompted complaints from some unlikely quarters.
The chief executive of fashion chain Next, Lord Wolfson and Wetherspoons' boss Tim Martin both supported Brexit - but both have called for the UK to let in more workers.
A study by the think tanks Centre for European Reform and UK in a Changing Europe suggests that there are 330,000 fewer workers in the UK as a result of Brexit. That may only be 1% of the total workforce - but sectors such as transport, hospitality and retail have been particularly hard hit.
Getty Images Wetherspoon pub
Getty Images
The boss of Wetherspoons supported Brexit but says the UK now needs to let in more workers from overseas
A lack of workers has resulted in shortages and pushed up bills for customers.
Advertisement

Some commentators argue these constraints will persuade businesses to boost staffs' skills and invest more.
Meanwhile, in the financial services sector, 7,000 jobs may have been lost, according to a House of Commons report, but that's far fewer than the 70,000 previously feared.

What next?​

All of the above adds up to an economy that has fared less well amidst the recent upheaval than its peers. The UK is the only major rich economy that remains smaller - poorer - than prior to the pandemic and Brexit may be a factor.
chart showing UK growth since 2019

Overall, the government's independent watchdog, the Office for Budget Responsibility, thinks the UK will ultimately be 4% worse off, than it would have been if we had voted no to Brexit - although for many voters, Brexit was more about sovereignty than the economy.
But there remains a lot to be settled.
It is not just the Northern Ireland protocol, but also permanent arrangements for industries like financial services, fishing and electric vehicle parts, cooperation on science and ways to reduce red tape.
There are potential gains there and realising them is a matter of political as well as economic strategy.
 
I saw jobs and investment also

Investment​

How much businesses choose to spend on factories, training, equipment and technology, is also affected by our relationship with the EU. And the chancellor acknowledges that investment can turbocharge growth.
But investment has stalled since the referendum, as businesses remain wary of the outlook for the economy. Investment wasn't great even before 2016, but if it had continued its pre-referendum trend, analysis by the think tank the UK in a Changing Europe suggests it could be about 25% higher than it is now.
Economists argue about how to explain that gap. Some - including the International Monetary Fund - have suggested that uncertainty surrounding Brexit, including the unsettled issue of the Northern Ireland Protocol, have deterred at least some spending. Sir Richard Branson is among the business bosses who have suggested the cost of Brexit red tape would put them off investing in the UK.
The pro-Brexit group, Briefings for Business, claims that the numbers are misleading, and that there isn't evidence of a Brexit-related hit to investment.
Ultimately, however, a lack of investment means we are a less-efficient, lower-earning economy than we could be.
Advertisement

Jobs​

Leaving the EU also meant changes to the rules on the free movement of labour and the introduction of a points-based immigration system That has prompted complaints from some unlikely quarters.
The chief executive of fashion chain Next, Lord Wolfson and Wetherspoons' boss Tim Martin both supported Brexit - but both have called for the UK to let in more workers.
A study by the think tanks Centre for European Reform and UK in a Changing Europe suggests that there are 330,000 fewer workers in the UK as a result of Brexit. That may only be 1% of the total workforce - but sectors such as transport, hospitality and retail have been particularly hard hit.
Getty Images Wetherspoon pub
Getty Images
The boss of Wetherspoons supported Brexit but says the UK now needs to let in more workers from overseas
A lack of workers has resulted in shortages and pushed up bills for customers.
Advertisement

Some commentators argue these constraints will persuade businesses to boost staffs' skills and invest more.
Meanwhile, in the financial services sector, 7,000 jobs may have been lost, according to a House of Commons report, but that's far fewer than the 70,000 previously feared.

What next?​

All of the above adds up to an economy that has fared less well amidst the recent upheaval than its peers. The UK is the only major rich economy that remains smaller - poorer - than prior to the pandemic and Brexit may be a factor.
chart showing UK growth since 2019

Overall, the government's independent watchdog, the Office for Budget Responsibility, thinks the UK will ultimately be 4% worse off, than it would have been if we had voted no to Brexit - although for many voters, Brexit was more about sovereignty than the economy.
But there remains a lot to be settled.
It is not just the Northern Ireland protocol, but also permanent arrangements for industries like financial services, fishing and electric vehicle parts, cooperation on science and ways to reduce red tape.
There are potential gains there and realising them is a matter of political as well as economic strategy.

The great irony of Tim Martin is he advocated taking back control, sovereignty, and other populist rhetorical devices with no real substance, but now he wants us to increase the sky high immigration because his wise complaints of yester year are now biting him on the arse.

It's almost like his (and Brexit's) emotional politics aren't particularly practical or smart.
 
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