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Are there other professional football leagues in the US? Seems like another barrier to entry situation.
I don't watch ball sports, but I guess if you don't consider other ball sports a close substitute it would count. In which case it looks like the NFL became a monopoly after they merged with the AFL, with on again off again monopoly status in regards to short lived attempts by startups to enter the market.
There's the arena league and they've had ups & downs. Again, I'm differentiating between competition not being possible vs. no competition existing. College ball is massively popular, but that's not professional.
The sports leagues are monopolies because of their dominant market share, they don't have to be the only leagues in their respective sports to be considered a monopoly. I believe the NFL was ruled a monopoly when Trump and the USFL sued back in the 80s and was awarded 1 dollar.
Sure, in the sense that no real competition exists those are monopolies. I only maintain that competition could exist. Unlike with drug patents. The government prevents competition by threat of force.