Very informative. Thank you. I agree with everything you said. In you're opinion, what's your solution? UBI?
The solution starts with acknowledging what does and doesn't work. UBI is a tool but I don't think it's the only, or even the best, solution, except as a low overhead substitute for multiple welfare programs.
The first part of acknowledging what does and doesn't work is accepting that our economic system must put some people at the bottom of the economic scale. No matter what we do, some jobs and some industries and some regions of the country are going to be impoverished. We cannot for companies to set up anywhere, we cannot keep some industries sustainable and we cannot force jobs to pay more than what they're worth (why I'm against the minimum wage). If you can't force companies to employ everyone at a living wage then the only solution is for the government to manage the slack.
For me, that means overhauling education so that college is considered part of the public school system. When high school was considered the standard for entering the workforce in the 1940's and 50's, the same percentage of people graduated from high school that now graduate from college. College is the new high school from a societal job preparation standpoint.
When the social safety net was first introduced, most households were 2 parent and one parent stayed home with the kids. Modern society, most households are either single parent or both parents are working. This means that early childcare costs, which used to be rare, have become essential. And yet the costs are exorbitant. In most places, the cost of childcare is the equivalent of rent. How many people on the lower half of the income scale can afford rent on 2 apartments at the same? Yet that is what they must do to afford daycare. So many people complain that they work just to pay for childcare - that's pointless. They have no money left over after the bill and they're not spending time with their kids at the most formative time of their lives. It's a 2x loss. Subsidizing the cost of childcare returns the economic situation to normal for most families.
That's just the start, there's a wide range of things that no longer work economically because society has changed, the government has to update what it does to reflect that.