'could reach'... given the RCP 6/8.5 'business as usual' scenarios. i.e. what is predicted if 'business' doesn't change. Sure, 'barrelling' is dramatic language but clearly it means that's what we are on track for.
If you want to read it, search for the title of the paper on google scholar, click on 'show all versions' and one of the 4 results will be a pdf that's not paywalled on a link that starts with 'paleoclimate.sci' What is new here is the temporal resolution and accuracy of the dating. Did we know it was hot? Yeah, we've had these same type of records since the 70s, but at low resolution. This record provides how much climate variability there is on the scale of 10 k - 1 million years which demonstrates the rate of recent warming exceeds natural variability on a very long time scale. That wouldn't have been so clear with previous low resolution data series that weren't astronomically dated.
Funny to mention our ancestors thriving as if a creature that looks like this can tell us much about what is good for human wellbeing:
But let's assume they can tell us something: many of these ancestral primate species did not survive the increase in CO2 and resulting Eocene maximum and resulting changes in climate, so I'm not sure we want to just be content with the changing climate based on the fate of our ancestors.
Your last point is a bit pedantic. If someone said "recently discovered old family photos show that my hair hasn't grown as long as it is now since I was a kid" I doubt you would say "Nuh uh nowhere do family photos show that your hair is long now"