It depends. Sometimes people with cam can't squat comfortably with load, but sometimes they can. Some people with cam morphology don't experience any hip pain at all. Besides the anatomy, it's about the symptomatology, ie, how you feel. If you do have impingement symptoms however, most of the time the best variation is frontsquat, shoulder width or a tad wider, feet out and depth above parallel. That'll results in the least amount of internal rotation and hip flexion, and not too much abduction. Another benefit is that you can keep absolute load lighter compared to a back squat, while still working with relatively high percentages. I completely understand getting disappointed and not wanting to play around with it too much, not to mention it can be pretty painful for a little while afterwards. With that said, how does a goblet squat feel to you, especially if you cut the depth?
Yeah Nothern and Central Europeans tend to have a bit deeper hip sockets with shorter and more retroverted necks, on average (it's still highly individual). Makes us a little more sturdy, but less anatomical range of movement.