It can, but it's not common, and when it does it is known as Pulmonary Fibrosis.
Small scars are of no consequence and it is highly unlikely you will have extensive enough (if any) so I would not dwell on it.
I've had it 4 times in my life with no issues and I still train 5-6 days a week.
Aside from that, I'm a medical provider and I see it a lot and the imaging after.
Best thing I can tell you is even after it clears up, start back SLOWLY.
Your body will be weak as well but even when the fluid and the majority of the symptoms are gone, your lungs will still be susceptible to damage and stress so just take your time and you will recover well.
And lastly, as others said, listen to your doctor and finish your antibiotic regimen which I imagine is either Biaxin or Levofloxacin.
Most important part, and if you are having issues getting a productive cough, go to your local drugstore and get something with guaifenesin in it and it will be quite helpful.
Also, depending on the severity, propping yourself up at night a bit will help as when you lay down the fluid covers more area and alveoli, which will likely result in restless sleep and jolting awake.
My particular strain was a nasty one and I was down for some time, so be prepared to take 4-6 weeks to get back to your normal self.
Best of luck, and I hope you feel better.
