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Japan was the first Asian country to industrialize itself. While it was geographically smaller, its economic output was much greater than China's since the 1920's. China had not fully embrace industrialization until the Communist had taken over after WWII.
Politically as well China was a mess still, the KMT didn't really have full control of the country with a lot of dependence on alliances with warlords plus the civil war with the communists.