Bolao is my instructor and he is a 5th degree BB now and I believe he was a 3rd degree BB in '98, so he was able to promote someone to BB. According to the confederation you are supposed to be 3rd degree to promote someone to BB, but people have decided not to follow this tradition (along with many others). When someone is promoted to BB, their certificate is supposed to be signed by 3 senior BBs (which is often their instructor and either someone else who can attest to their skill level or someone from the confederation). The reason why Risada's BB certificate was held up may have some to do with the fact that he left Gracie Barra to train with Bolao after he had a dispute at a tounament with Carlos Jr. He had been training mainly with Renzo, and when Renzo moved to the US, Roberto continued at Barra until he had a problem at a tournament and Carlos did not back him up due to politics. Carlos and Renzo promoted Roberto to brown belt, so when he left Carlos probably wasn't too eager to approve his BB (even though it was a couple years later). I'll ask Bolao or Roberto to confirm, but that is how I understand it.