It was actually more. In the US athletes were doped at all levels. Soviets pretty much only got doped once they were on their national team. This was just a matter of access to money. I'm sure Russia is the same now as the US.
I can tell you that in the last days of the Soviet empire I spent time with Soviet athletes touring the US and they had old, very used equipment. I couldn't believe the shit they were using. Their doping may have been "state sponsored" but it was nothing high tech and they only got it after making the national team . How are you going to get drugs when you have no money?
The competition to make a a national team in the old soviet union was essentially a death march through the dessert. After carefully selecting athletes and sending them to sport schools it was basically "throw them all in the pit and see who survives". Who knows how many potential world and olympic champions they crushed through volume of training. It was just stupid --- but also effective.
You had to be a genetic freak to make a national team because it usually required unseating a national team member who was doped.